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Placement of Thoracic Pedicle Screws
Thoracic pedicle screw fixation in spinal disorders has gained an increasingly larger acceptance because of its well-recognized advantages in achieving stable three-column fixation and improved control of three-dimensional deformities. Thoracic pedicle screw fixation is commonly and safely used for instrumented fusion constructs in the treatment of degenerative disorders, traumatic injuries, and deformities, but a thorough knowledge of the thoracic spine anatomy and surrounding structures is required.