Peroneal tendinopathy is a common cause of pain in the lateral hindfoot and posterior ankle. It is important to determine the etiology and other likely elements of the pathology to adequately address the presenting complaint and minimize the risk of recurrence. In the case of peroneal tendinopathy, the clinician must take into account the extent of the damaged tendon or tendons in addition to the integrity of the superior peroneal retinaculum (SPR), the integrity of the lateral ligament complex (particularly the anterior talofibular ligament [ATFL]), concurrent intraarticular pathology of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints, and hindfoot alignment and foot architecture.